Github Actions入门指北

Github Actions 是 Github 在 2018 年 10 月推出的持续集成服务

准备工作

在 Github 上分别新建用于存放 hexo 源文件和部署 gh-pages 的仓库
为了更方便地更新主题，可以将主题添加为子模块
申请 Token 或者将私钥添加到仓库的 Secrets
熟悉 Github Actions 基本操作

Github Actions 基本用法

本文仅列举一些 Github Actions 的基本用法，若想了解更高阶的用法可以看官方文档传送门

基本概念

workflow：持续集成一次运行的过程，就是一个 workflow
job：一个 workflow 由一个或多个 jobs 构成，含义是一次持续集成的运行，可以完成多个 jobs
step：每个 job 由多个 step 构成，一步步完成
action：每个 step 可以依次执行一个或多个 action

Workflow 文件结构

Workflow 文件是 Github Actions 的配置文件，位于仓库的 .github/workflows 目录中

Workflow 文件的格式为 YAML 格式，文件后缀名为 yml

Workflow文件的配置字段

name

1	name: learn-github-actions

指定将出现在 GitHub 仓库的 Actions 选项卡中的工作流程名称

如果省略该字段，默认为当前 workflow 的文件名

on

on: push

on: [push, fork]

on:
  push:
    # Sequence of patterns matched against refs/heads
    branches:    
      - main
      - 'mona/octocat'
      - 'releases/**'
    # Sequence of patterns matched against refs/tags
    tags:        
      - v2
      - v1.*
  label:
    types:
      - created
  pull_request:
    branches:    
      - 'releases/**'
      - '!releases/**-alpha'
  schedule:
    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
    - cron:  '30 5,17 * * *'
  watch:
    types: [started]
  workflow_dispatch:

指定了触发 Workflow 的条件

push：推送到特定的分支或标签时触发
pull_request：在创建特定 pr 时
schedule：定时执行，使用 cron 表达式确定时间（UTC）
watch：发生特殊事件时触发，如仓库被 star
workflow_dispatch：允许在 Actions 界面被手动触发

jobs

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
        with:
          ref: main
          submodules: true

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: '14.x'
  job1:
  	runs-on: ubunu-latest
  	needs: build
  	if: ${{ always() }}
  	env:
  	  ACTION_DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.HEXO_DEPLOY_KEY }}
  	steps:
  	  - name: blablabla
		run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.ssh/
          echo "$ACTION_DEPLOY_KEY" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa

<job_id>：为 job 命名（必须以字母或数字开头，并且只能包含字母数字字符）
run-on：指定该 job 的工作环境，如 windows-latest ubuntu-latest macos-latest
needs：在执行该 job 时需要完成的（如不指定默认情况下 job 为并行关系）
if：在 ${{ }} 表达式写条件，Github 会自动为表达式求值
env：为环境变量赋值
steps：描述 job 的具体执行流程
steps.name：为 step 命名
steps.uses：可以使用他人已经写好的代码库 {owner}/{repo}@{ref}
steps.run：运行指定命令，可用 | 输入多行命令
steps.uses：可以输入参数作为环境变量来使用

自动部署实例

自动更新 Readme Stats

.github/workflows

name: Auto Deploy
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 10,22 * * *' # 北京时间上午和下午的的6点自动执行
    # every 12 hours: 0 */12 * * *
  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  profile-readme:
    # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/profile-readme
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Create README.md
        uses: actions-js/profile-readme@master
        with:
          username: zryyyy
          github_token: ${{ secrets.TOKEN }}
      - name: Commit & Push changes
        uses: actions-js/push@master
        with:
          github_token: ${{ secrets.TOKEN }}
  profile-readme-development-stats:
    # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/profile-readme-development-stats
    needs: profile-readme
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Profile Readme Development Stats
        uses: anmol098/waka-readme-stats@master
        with:
          WAKATIME_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.WAKATIME_API_KEY }}
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TOKEN }}
          SHOW_PROFILE_VIEWS: "False" # 项目浏览量（标签）
          SHOW_UPDATED_DATE: "False" # 最后一次更新的时间
          SHOW_LINES_OF_CODE: "False" # 代码行数（标签）
          SHOW_OS: "True"
          SHOW_PROJECTS: "True"
          SHOW_LOC_CHART: "False" # 在图表中区分不同年份
          SHOW_EDITORS: "True"
          SHOW_TIMEZONE: "True"
          SHOW_COMMIT: "True"
          SHOW_LANGUAGE: "True"
          SHOW_LANGUAGE_PER_REPO: "True"
          SHOW_DAYS_OF_WEEK: "True"
          SHOW_SHORT_INFO: "False" # 短个人信息
          LOCALE: "en"
          COMMIT_BY_ME: "False" # 用自己的邮箱提交
          COMMIT_MESSAGE: "Updated with Dev Metrics" # 提交摘要
          SHOW_TOTAL_CODE_TIME: "False" # 写代码总时间（标签）

自动生成并部署 Hexo

.github/workflows

name: Auto Deploy Main
on:
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Source
        uses: actions/checkout@main
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          # If your repository depends on submodule, please see: https://github.com/actions/checkout
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Use Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@main
        with:
          # Examples: 20, 18.19, >=16.20.2, lts/Iron, lts/Hydrogen, *, latest, current, node
          # Ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-node#supported-version-syntax
          node-version: "24"
      - name: Change Config
        run: |
          sed -i 's/hexo-test/zryyyy.github.io/g' _config.yml
      - name: Setup Deploy Key
        env:
          DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.HEXO_DEPLOY_KEY }}
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.ssh/
          echo "$DEPLOY_KEY" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa
          chmod 700 ~/.ssh
          chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
          ssh-keyscan github.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
          git config --global user.email "1931860504@qq.com"
          git config --global user.name "zryyyy"
      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: |
          npm install
      - name: Generate & Deploy
        run: |
          npm run clean
          npm run generate
          npm run deploy
  delete-workflow:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Delete workflow runs
        uses: Mattraks/delete-workflow-runs@main
        with:
          # token: ${{ github.token }}
          token: ${{ secrets.DELETE_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}
          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
          retain_days: 7 # keep runs for 7 days
          keep_minimum_runs: 3 # keep at least 3 runs